Captain Eric 'Winkle' Brown - the most accomplished test pilot ever.
The history of naval aviation started in 1910, when the Royal Navy sent officers to the Royal Aero Club at Eastchurch on the Isle of Sheppey. The first man to fly an aircraft off a ship was an American, Eugene Ely, who in November 1910 took off from a temporary flying-off platform erected aboard the cruiser USS Birmingham. Two months later, he landed again on a temporary platform built on another US Navy cruiser, the USS Pennsylvania.
On the 10th January 1912, Lieutenant Charles Samson became the first Briton to fly off a ship when he took off from a ramp fitted to the battleship HMS Africa moored off Sheerness. On the 9th May 1912, Samson became the first pilot ever to take off from a moving ship when he took off from the battleship HMS Hibernia in Weymouth Bay.
The experiments with flying-off and landing ramps fitted to ships ultimately proved unsuccessful and dangerous. What was needed was a ship with a full-length flight deck and the first of these was an ex-ocean liner, originally built as the Italian SS Conte Rosso. This ship was purchased by the Royal Navy while under construction in 1916 and was converted into the worlds first 'flat top' aircraft carrier - HMS Argus. That ship was commissioned into the Royal Navy on 6th September 1918. The first few years of her service were spent conducting trials of various types of aircraft and methods of safely launching and recovering aircraft. The experience gained from those experiments were incorporated into the conversions of the battlecruisers HMS Furious, HMS Courageous and HMS Glorious into aircraft carriers during the early 1920s. The Chilean battlecruiser Almirante Cochrane was purchased from the builders and similarly converted into an aircraft carrier and commissioned into the Royal Navy as HMS Eagle in 1924. The experience was incorporated into the the worlds first ship to be designed from the ground up as an aircraft carrier, HMS Hermes, commissioned in 1924.
Eric Brown was born on the 21st January 1919 and over the course of his life achieved a number of firsts. He was the first man to land a twin-engined aircraft on an aircraft carrier, the first to land a jet-powered aircraft on a carrier, the first to land a helicopter on a ship. He flew more different types of aircraft than any other pilot (487) and made more aircraft carrier landings and take-offs than any other pilot to date (2,271 and 2,401 respectively).
He died on 21st February 2016 aged 97.